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Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
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original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and
certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

- Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for
use by those authorized to give the public permission to use
material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other
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understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public
License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public
License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

- Section 1 – Definitions.

- a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and
Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed
Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated,
altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a
manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public
License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work,
performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always
produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
relation with a moving image.
- b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your
Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted
Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
Public License.
- c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar
rights closely related to copyright including, without
limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui
Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are
labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the
rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and
Similar Rights.
- d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that,
in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented
under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO
Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar
international agreements.
- e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing,
and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and
Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed
Material.
- f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work,
database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this
Public License.
- g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to
the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are
limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your
use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority
to license.
- h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting
rights under this Public License.
- i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed
towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For
purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed
Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar
Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial
provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in
connection with the exchange.
- j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
as reproduction, public display, public performance,
distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and
to make material available to the public including in ways that
members of the public may access the material from a place and
at a time individually chosen by them.
- k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of
databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other
essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
- l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed
Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding
meaning.

- Section 2 – Scope.

- a. License grant.
- 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public
License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide,
royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable
license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed
Material to:
- A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole
or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and
- B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for
NonCommercial purposes only.
- 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt,
where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this
Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply
with its terms and conditions.
- 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in
Section 6(a).
- 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
all media and formats whether now known or hereafter
created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do
so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any
right or authority to forbid You from making technical
modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights,
including technical modifications necessary to circumvent
Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this
Public License, simply making modifications authorized by
this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
- 5. Downstream recipients.
- A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every
recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
Public License.
- B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or
impose any additional or different terms or conditions
on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to,
the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of
the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
Material.
- 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License
constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or
imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed
Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or
granted official status by, the Licensor or others
designated to receive attribution as provided in Section
3(a)(1)(A)(i).
- b. Other rights.
- 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however,
to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the
limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the
Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
- 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
Public License.
- 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when
the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial
purposes.

- Section 3 – License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to
the following conditions.

- a. Attribution.
- 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
form), You must:
- A. retain the following if it is supplied by the
Licensor with the Licensed Material:
- i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
Material and any others designated to receive
attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
- ii. a copyright notice;
- iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
- iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
warranties;
- v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to
the extent reasonably practicable;
- B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
- C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
hyperlink to, this Public License.
- 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may
be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI
or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
information.
- 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
reasonably practicable.
- 4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's
License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted
Material from complying with this Public License.

- Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

- a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the
right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a
substantial portion of the contents of the database for
NonCommercial purposes only;
- b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material;
and
- c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You
Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the
database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the
Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

- Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

- a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to
the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material
as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or
warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether
express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without
limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a
particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other
defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether
or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties
are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not
apply to You.
- b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be
liable to You on any legal theory (including, without
limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special,
indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or
other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this
Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the
Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses,
costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is
not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to
You.
- c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability
provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the
extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute
disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

- Section 6 – Term and Termination.

- a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply
with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public
License terminate automatically.
- b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated
under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

- 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured,
provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
violation; or
- 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect
any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your
violations of this Public License.

- c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing
so will not terminate this Public License.
- d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
License.

- Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

- a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or
different terms or conditions communicated by You unless
expressly agreed.
- b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

- Section 8 – Interpretation.

- a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could
lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.
- b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public
License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically
reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable.
If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from
this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the
remaining terms and conditions.
- c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived
and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to
by the Licensor.
- d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be
interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges
and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from
the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to
material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the
"Licensor." The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is
dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared
under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the
Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies,
Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative
Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its
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