Gemstones
These are all found in geodes in their respective biomes.
8 of any gemstone surrounding an echo shard creates a corrupted version of that gemstone shard.
Aquamarine:
Spawns below ocean biomes.
Armour - +5% speed per piece
Tools - Togglable haste with shift
Sword - Increase hit speed
Ruby:
Spawns below hot biomes.
Provide Regen on armour - starts below 2 hearts for 1 piece, 3 for 2, 4 for 3, 5 for 4.
Tools - Smelt / cook anything mined if it can be smelted.
Sword - Small chance to heal ½ heart when hitting anything. Cook / smelt any drops.
Peridot:
Spawns below Jungles and Cherry Groves.
Increase effects of mending and xp drops on everything
Tools - Improved fortune
Sword - more xp on kills, better looting
Onyx:
Spawns below mountainous biomes.
Armour - increased knockback resistance, no knockback at 4 pieces
Tools - Increased chance to not consume durability - Applies to everything
Sword - Let sword disable shields like an axe
Glyphs
Glyphs can be crafted with an amethyst glyph like a Netherite Upgrade Template.
Using any corrupted gemstone instead of amethyst will turn it into that gemstones glyph.
Each glyph will apply its perks which are listed in the items tooltip.
Amethyst Enchants
These are enchants 1 above the normal level and can go on all the enchants that you would expect to work with another level like fortune and unbreaking. (No depth strider) There can only be one Amethyst Enchant per item. They are made in the Soul Well by combining a maxed enchant and an Amethyst Glyph
Soul Well
Found in the Ancient City Center and unbreakable in survival. This is where glyphs can be applied to armour / tools and enchants can be turned to Amethyst Enchants.
Lost Geologist
This is a villager who can be found caged in the Ancient City Center and will trade you amethysts and a compass for any geode map.

