A server-side Forge mod for Minecraft 1.20.1 that adds a 64-bit scoreboard system with fixed-point decimals, backported 1.21+ function macros with control flow, persistent variables, and NBT integration — all designed to supercharge datapacks.

Installation

Install Minecraft Forge for 1.20.1 (loader 47+).
Place dphelper-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar into your server's mods/ folder.
Start the server — no client-side mod is needed.

Vanilla clients can connect without any modifications.

What DPHelper Provides

score64 — A 64-bit scoreboard-style system with fixed-point decimal support.
Function Macros — Backported function ... with macros from 1.21+, including $ lines, ^ context forwarding, and return statements.
Persistent Variables — /var command and @var! / @load directives that survive server restarts.
Control Flow — @if/@else/@endif, @switch/@case/@endswitch, @while/@endwhile, @for/@endfor, and @break directly in .mcfunction files.
Player Data Commands — Backported /data commands for player entities from 1.21.2+.
Display Entity Commands — /display opacity and /display transform for manipulating display entities with unsigned values and interpolation.
Falling Block Command — /fallingblock to spawn configurable falling block entities.
NBT Integration — Read, write, and do arithmetic between score64 values and entity/block/storage NBT.

score64 System

Core Concepts

Vanilla scoreboards are limited to signed 32-bit integers (±2,147,483,647). The score64 system provides a parallel 64-bit alternative:

Feature	Vanilla Scoreboard	score64
Value range	−2³¹ to 2³¹−1	−2⁶³ to 2⁶³−1
Decimal support	❌	✅ Fixed-point
Precision	Integer only	Configurable per-objective
Persists with world	✅	✅
Works with vanilla clients	✅	✅
Sidebar / nametag display	✅ Native	Via sync bridge

score64 does NOT replace or modify the vanilla scoreboard. It is a completely parallel system.

Objectives

Each score64 objective has:

Name — A unique string identifier (e.g. energy, currency, distance)
Scale — A long integer ≥ 1 that defines decimal precision

Scale	Decimal Places	Example
`1`	0 (integers only)	`42`
`100`	2	`42.50`
`1000`	3	`42.500`
`1000000`	6	`42.500000`

Holders

Holders are the entities or names that have scores — identical to vanilla scoreboard holders:

Player names — Steve, Alex
Entity selectors — @a, @p, @e[type=zombie]
Fake players — #temp, $counter, MyVar
Arbitrary strings — anything used by datapacks

Fixed-Point Decimals

Values are stored as raw long integers, scaled by the objective's scale factor:

raw = round(input × scale)

For example, with scale = 1000:

Input 2.5 → stored as 2500
Input 3.141 → stored as 3141
Input -0.001 → stored as -1

No floating-point math is ever used. All parsing and arithmetic uses pure integer operations with BigInteger for intermediate computations, ensuring deterministic results. Rounding mode: HALF_UP.

Objective Management

All commands are under /score64 and require operator permission level 2.

Command	Description
`/score64 objectives add <name>`	Create integer objective (scale=1)
`/score64 objectives add <name> <scale>`	Create fixed-point objective
`/score64 objectives list`	List all objectives
`/score64 objectives remove <name>`	Remove objective + all its data

Examples:

/score64 objectives add coins
/score64 objectives add energy 1000
/score64 objectives add precise_pos 1000000

Player / Holder Values

Command	Description
`/score64 players set <targets> <obj> <value>`	Set value
`/score64 players add <targets> <obj> <value>`	Add to value
`/score64 players remove <targets> <obj> <value>`	Subtract from value
`/score64 players get <target> <obj>`	Display value
`/score64 players reset <targets> <obj>`	Remove score from objective
`/score64 players reset <targets>`	Remove all scores

<targets>: @a, @s, @p, @e[...], player name, fake player (#var) <value>: "42", "3.14", "-0.5", ".25"

> Note: Decimal values must be quoted as strings in commands.

Examples:

/score64 players set @s energy "100.5"
/score64 players set #temp coins "999999999999"
/score64 players add @s energy "1.5"
/score64 players remove @s energy "0.25"
/score64 players get @s energy

Output example:

Steve has energy = 2.020 (raw: 2020, scale: 1000)

Arithmetic Operations

/score64 players operation &lt;target&gt; &lt;targetObj&gt; &lt;op&gt; &lt;source&gt; &lt;sourceObj&gt;

All operations work on raw stored values (not formatted decimals).

Op	Meaning
`=`	target = source
`+=`	target += source
`-=`	target −= source
`*=`	target ×= source
`/=`	target ÷= source (integer division, 0 = no change)
`%=`	target %= source (modulo, 0 = no change)
`<`	target = min(target, source)
`>`	target = max(target, source)
`><`	swap target and source
`min`	target = min(target, source)
`max`	target = max(target, source)

> Operators containing special characters (=, *, %, <, >) must be quoted: "*=", "+=", "<", "><", etc. > Word-only operators (min, max) can be unquoted.

> Important: When using *= or /= with fixed-point objectives, operations work on raw values. Multiplying two scale-1000 values produces a value at scale 1000000. You may need a follow-up /= by the scale to correct the decimal point.

Examples:

/score64 players operation @s total += @s income total
/score64 players operation #result math *= #factor math
/score64 players operation @s health min #max_hp health

Math Library

All math commands: /score64 math ...

Unary Operations

Command	Description
`/score64 math abs <target> <obj>`	Absolute value
`/score64 math neg <target> <obj>`	Negate
`/score64 math sign <target> <obj>`	Sign (−1, 0, or 1)
`/score64 math sqrt <target> <obj>`	Scale-aware square root (negative → 0)

sqrt is scale-aware: for scale S and raw value R, it computes floor(sqrt(R × S)), correctly representing sqrt(R/S) in fixed-point.

Binary Operations (literal value or holder reference)

/score64 math &lt;func&gt; &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;value&gt;
/score64 math &lt;func&gt; &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; from &lt;source&gt; &lt;sourceObj&gt;

Function	Description
`add`	target += operand
`sub`	target −= operand
`mul`	target ×= operand
`div`	target ÷= operand
`mod`	target %= operand
`min`	target = min(target, operand)
`max`	target = max(target, operand)

Advanced Operations

Command	Description
`/score64 math pow <target> <obj> <exponent>`	Integer power (O(log n))
`/score64 math clamp <target> <obj> <min> <max>`	Clamp to range
`/score64 math random <target> <obj> <min> <max>`	Random long in [min, max]
`/score64 math atan2 <target> <obj> <source> <sourceObj>`	Angle in radians × scale

Examples:

/score64 math abs @s velocity
/score64 math pow @s power 3
/score64 math clamp @s health 0 100000
/score64 math random @s loot_roll 1 100
/score64 math add @s coins "10.50"
/score64 math mul @s damage from #multiplier damage

NBT Integration

Read, write, and perform arithmetic between score64 values and Minecraft NBT data.

Read NBT → score64

/score64 nbt get &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt;
/score64 nbt get &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; block &lt;pos&gt; &lt;path&gt;
/score64 nbt get &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; storage &lt;id&gt; &lt;path&gt;

Float/double NBT values are truncated toward zero, matching vanilla behavior.

Scaled mode (preserves float/double precision):

/score64 nbt get &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt; scaled
/score64 nbt get &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt; &lt;scale&gt;

When scaled is specified, float/double values are multiplied by the objective's scale then truncated: raw = (long)(nbt_value × scale). An explicit numeric scale can also be provided instead.

Example	Scale	NBT Value	Stored Raw
`Rotation[0]`	100000	`-0.00061`	`-61`
`Pos[1]`	1000	`64.5`	`64500`
`Health`	1	`20.0`	`20`

Write score64 → NBT

/score64 nbt set entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt; &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt;
/score64 nbt set block &lt;pos&gt; &lt;path&gt; &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt;
/score64 nbt set storage &lt;id&gt; &lt;path&gt; &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt;

Default: writes raw value as TAG_Long.

Scaled write mode (as_scaled):

/score64 nbt set entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt; &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; as_scaled

Divides by the objective's scale and writes as TAG_Double: value_to_write = raw / scale.

Arithmetic with NBT operand

/score64 nbt op &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;op&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;path&gt;
/score64 nbt op &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;op&gt; block &lt;pos&gt; &lt;path&gt;
/score64 nbt op &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;op&gt; storage &lt;id&gt; &lt;path&gt;

Ops: "=" "+=" "-=" "*=" "/=" "%="

Entity Yaw & Pitch

Convenient shortcuts to read an entity's rotation:

/score64 nbt yaw &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt;
/score64 nbt yaw &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;scale&gt;
/score64 nbt yaw &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; scaled

/score64 nbt pitch &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt;
/score64 nbt pitch &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; &lt;scale&gt;
/score64 nbt pitch &lt;holder&gt; &lt;obj&gt; entity &lt;selector&gt; scaled

Variant	Behavior
No modifier	Truncates to integer (e.g. `45.7` → `45`)
`<scale>`	`(long)(rotation × scale)`
`scaled`	Uses the objective's scale

Examples:

score64 nbt yaw @s facing entity @s
score64 objectives add facing 1000
score64 nbt yaw @s facing entity @s scaled
score64 nbt pitch @s look entity @s 100

NBT Examples:

/score64 nbt get @s health entity @s Health
/score64 nbt set storage mypack:data Result.value #result math
/score64 nbt op @s damage "*=" entity @s AttackDamage
score64 nbt get @s rotation entity @s Rotation[0] scaled
score64 nbt set entity @s Rotation[0] @s rotation as_scaled

Result Storage

score64 store command

/score64 store &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; run &lt;command&gt;

Runs <command>, stores its integer return value into score64. For decimal objectives, the result is multiplied by the scale.

execute store integration

execute store result score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; run &lt;command&gt;
execute store success score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; run &lt;command&gt;

result: stores the command's integer return value × scale
success: stores scale (= 1.0 in display) if succeeded, 0 if failed

Examples:

/score64 store #count enemies run execute if entity @e[type=zombie]
/score64 store @s xp_level run xp query @s levels
execute store result score64 @s energy run data get entity @s Air
execute store success score64 @s flag run say test

Vanilla Scoreboard Sync

Bridge score64 values to the vanilla scoreboard for sidebar/nametag display.

Command	Description
`/score64 sync <obj64> <obj32> <target>`	Copy one holder to vanilla objective
`/score64 syncall <obj64> <obj32>`	Copy all holders to vanilla objective

Values are clamped to ±2,147,483,647 (32-bit). A yellow warning appears if clamping occurs. The score64 value is never modified by syncing.

Example workflow:

scoreboard objectives add energy_display dummy
/score64 objectives add energy 1000
/score64 syncall energy energy_display

Execute Conditions

Range match

execute if score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; matches &lt;range&gt; run ...
execute unless score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; matches &lt;range&gt; run ...

Range	Meaning
`"5"`	Exactly 5
`"3..7"`	3 to 7 inclusive
`"..7"`	At most 7
`"3.."`	At least 3

> Ranges use raw values. For scale=1000: checking ≥ 2.5 → "2500.."

Comparison

execute if score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;cmp&gt; &lt;source&gt; &lt;sourceObj&gt; run ...
execute unless score64 &lt;target&gt; &lt;obj&gt; &lt;cmp&gt; &lt;source&gt; &lt;sourceObj&gt; run ...

Comparators: < <= = >= >

Examples:

execute if score64 @s energy matches "1000.." run say I have at least 1.0 energy
execute if score64 @s health &lt; #threshold health run say Low health!
execute if score64 @s score = #target_score score run say Matched!

Predicates (JSON)

DPHelper registers custom loot conditions usable in advancements, loot tables, and execute if predicate.

dphelper:score64_range

Check whether a score64 value falls within a range.

{
  "condition": "dphelper:score64_range",
  "target": "this",
  "objective": "energy",
  "min": 0,
  "max": 1000000
}

Field	Required	Description
`target`	✅	`"this"`, `"killer"`, `"direct_killer"`, or any string (fake player)
`objective`	✅	score64 objective name
`min`	❌	Minimum raw value (inclusive)
`max`	❌	Maximum raw value (inclusive)

dphelper:score64_compare

Compare two score64 holders.

{
  "condition": "dphelper:score64_compare",
  "target": "this",
  "objective": "energy",
  "other_target": "killer",
  "other_objective": "energy",
  "operation": "&gt;="
}

Supported operations: ==, !=, <, <=, >=, >

dphelper:nbt_numeric_range

Check a numeric NBT value on an entity.

{
  "condition": "dphelper:nbt_numeric_range",
  "target": "this",
  "path": "CustomData.energy",
  "min": 0,
  "max": 1000
}

Field	Required	Description
`target`	✅	`"this"`, `"killer"`, or `"direct_killer"`
`path`	✅	Dot-separated NBT path (e.g. `"CustomData.level"`)
`min`	❌	Minimum value (inclusive)
`max`	❌	Maximum value (inclusive)

Function Macros

> These features are backported from 1.21.2+ to 1.20.1 Forge by DPHelper. > They use the same syntax as vanilla 1.21+ so datapacks port seamlessly.

How It Works

Write a .mcfunction file with macro lines — lines starting with $
Use $(variable) placeholders inside those lines
Call the function with /function <id> with ... to pass in the variables

Macro Invocation Syntax

/function &lt;id&gt; with args &lt;compound&gt;
/function &lt;id&gt; with entity &lt;selector&gt; [&lt;path&gt;]
/function &lt;id&gt; with block &lt;pos&gt; [&lt;path&gt;]
/function &lt;id&gt; with storage &lt;id&gt; [&lt;path&gt;]
/function &lt;id&gt; with var &lt;namespace&gt;

Source	Description
`args <compound>`	Inline NBT compound (e.g. `{key:"value"}`)
`entity <selector> [<path>]`	Read NBT from an entity, optionally at a sub-path
`block <pos> [<path>]`	Read NBT from a block entity, optionally at a sub-path
`storage <id> [<path>]`	Read NBT from command storage, optionally at a sub-path
`var <namespace>`	Read from persistent DPHelper variables (see `/var` command)

The top-level keys of the resolved compound become macro variables. String tags are unwrapped (no quotes); numeric tags become decimal strings; other types use SNBT.

Special Prefixes in .mcfunction Files

Prefix	Description
`$`	Macro line — `$(var)` placeholders are substituted at runtime, then the command is executed
`^`	Macro call — calls another function, automatically forwarding the current macro context
`return`	Return statement — stops the function and returns a value (`return <n>`, `return run <cmd>`, `return fail`)
`@var`	Local variable — `@var name = value` sets a variable in the current scope
`@var!`	Persistent variable — `@var! ns:id key = value` saves to disk (survives restart)
`@load`	Load namespace — `@load ns:id` loads all persistent variables into scope
`@if`	Conditional block — `@if <condition>` starts a conditional
`@else`	Else branch — flips the current `@if` condition
`@endif`	End conditional — closes the `@if` block
`@switch`	Switch block — `@switch <value>` starts a switch on a value
`@case`	Case branch — `@case <value>` executes if the switch value matches
`@default`	Default branch — executes if no `@case` matched
`@endswitch`	End switch — closes the `@switch` block
`@while`	While loop — `@while <condition>` repeats the body while condition is true
`@endwhile`	End while — closes the `@while` block
`@for`	For loop — `@for <var> <start> <end> [<step>]` iterates a counter
`@endfor`	End for — closes the `@for` block
`@break`	Break — exits the innermost `@for` or `@while` loop early

Lines without $ or ^ are parsed normally at load time (like vanilla).

Writing Macro Functions

Example function file (mypack:greet.mcfunction):

# This line is parsed at load time — no macros
say Starting greeting...

# These lines are macro lines — parsed at run time after substitution
$say Hello $(player)! You earned $(amount) diamonds.
$give $(player) minecraft:diamond $(amount)

Calling it:

function mypack:greet with args {player:"Steve",amount:"5"}

Result:

say Hello Steve! You earned 5 diamonds.
give Steve minecraft:diamond 5

From command storage:

data merge storage mypack:args {player:"Alex",amount:"10"}
function mypack:greet with storage mypack:args

From entity NBT (sub-path):

# If the entity has {data:{target:"Steve",count:3}}
function mypack:greet with entity @s data

The ^ Prefix — Forwarding Macro Context

Use ^ at the start of a line to call another function with the same macro variables automatically forwarded. No need to set up storage or pass with args again.

Three forms are supported:

# 1. Bare function id — call directly with forwarded context
^namespace:function_name

# 2. Execute chain — conditions, selectors, positioning, etc.
^execute &lt;modifiers...&gt; run namespace:function_name

# 3. Dynamic function name — $(var) in the id itself
^mypack:$(branch)

Example — Simple forwarding:

mypack:main.mcfunction:

$say Player $(name) has $(score) points
^mypack:reward

mypack:reward.mcfunction:

$say Rewarding $(name) for $(score) points!
$give $(name) minecraft:diamond $(score)

function mypack:main with args {name:"Steve",score:"5"}

Output:

[Server] Player Steve has 5 points
[Server] Rewarding Steve for 5 points!

Example — Conditional execution with execute if:

meteor:tick.mcfunction:

$say State check for $(target)
^execute if score temp meteor_states matches 1.. run meteor:apply_effect

Example — Execute as/at for all players:

mypack:broadcast.mcfunction:

$say Broadcasting event: $(event)
^execute as @a at @s run mypack:per_player_effect

Example — Dynamic function name:

mypack:dispatcher.mcfunction:

$say Running mode: $(mode)
^mypack:modes/$(mode)

Example — Chained ^ calls (multi-step pipeline):

mypack:pipeline.mcfunction:

$say === Pipeline for $(target) ===
^mypack:step1
^execute if score $(target) mypack_hp matches ..5 run mypack:step_heal
^mypack:step_final

Each ^ call shares the same macro variables without any manual forwarding.

Nested Macro Calls

Macro contexts are stack-based. A macro function can call another macro function with different variables — each call pushes a new scope, and it's popped when the function returns. Variables from outer calls don't leak into inner calls.

# outer.mcfunction
$say Outer: $(msg)
$function mypack:inner with args {msg:"inner message"}
$say Back to outer: $(msg)

# inner.mcfunction
$say Inner: $(msg)

Calling function mypack:outer with args {msg:"hello"} produces:

Outer: hello
Inner: inner message
Back to outer: hello

The ^ prefix, on the other hand, shares the same scope — $(msg) stays "hello" in both functions.

Missing variables: If a $(variable) has no matching key in the provided compound, it is replaced with an empty string. No error is thrown.

Function Return Values

Backports the 1.20.4+ return statement to 1.20.1. Stops function execution and returns a value to the caller.

return &lt;value&gt;        # Stop the function and return an integer value
return run &lt;command&gt;   # Stop the function and return the command's result
return fail            # Stop the function and return 0 (failure)

When return is executed, all remaining lines in the function are skipped. The returned value becomes the function's result (usable by execute store, score64 store, etc.).

$(var) placeholders are resolved in return lines when inside a macro context.

Examples:

# mypack:get_five.mcfunction
return 5
say This line never runs

# mypack:get_health.mcfunction
return run data get entity @s Health 1

# Conditional early return
execute if score @s my_obj matches 0 run return fail
say Processing...
return run scoreboard players get @s my_obj

# Chained return with execute store
execute store result score @s doubled run function mypack:double_health

Variables

DPHelper adds a persistent variable system. Variables are stored in namespaces (like command storage) and survive server restarts.

/var Command

/var set &lt;namespace&gt; &lt;key&gt; &lt;value&gt;
/var get &lt;namespace&gt; [&lt;key&gt;]
/var remove &lt;namespace&gt; [&lt;key&gt;]
/var list [&lt;namespace&gt;]

Command	Description
`var set mypack:config max_hp 100`	Set variable `max_hp` to `"100"` in namespace `mypack:config`
`var get mypack:config max_hp`	Print the value of `max_hp`
`var get mypack:config`	Print all variables in the namespace
`var remove mypack:config max_hp`	Delete a single variable
`var remove mypack:config`	Delete the entire namespace
`var list`	List all namespaces
`var list mypack:config`	List all variables in a namespace

All values are stored as strings. The return value of var get is the string length (for execute store).

@var — Local Variables

Set a variable in the current function scope. Available as $(name) in subsequent lines.

@var greeting = Hello World
$say $(greeting)
# Output: Hello World

@var count = 5
$give @s minecraft:diamond $(count)

# Compose from other variables
@var full = Player $(name) has $(count) items
$say $(full)

@var! — Persistent Variables

Set a variable that persists across restarts. Also available as $(key) immediately.

# Save to disk AND set in current scope
@var! mypack:stats kill_count = 42
$say Kills: $(kill_count)

@load — Load Persistent Vars into Scope

Load all variables from a namespace into the current scope.

@load mypack:config
# Now $(max_hp), $(difficulty), etc. are all available
$say Max HP: $(max_hp), Difficulty: $(difficulty)

with var — Call Function with Persistent Vars

function mypack:setup with var mypack:config

This loads all variables from mypack:config as macro variables for the function.

Example — Config system (set once, use everywhere):

# Setup (run once)
var set mypack:config max_hp 100
var set mypack:config spawn_rate 5
var set mypack:config difficulty hard

mypack:apply_config.mcfunction:

@load mypack:config
$say Max HP: $(max_hp), Spawn rate: $(spawn_rate), Mode: $(difficulty)
$scoreboard players set #max_hp config $(max_hp)

Example — Dynamic function selection based on persistent config:

var set mypack:config mode hard
function mypack:run_mode with var mypack:config

mypack:run_mode.mcfunction:

$say Running mode: $(mode)
^mypack:modes/$(mode)

Control Flow

Conditional Blocks (@if / @else / @endif)

If/else control flow directly inside .mcfunction files. No more splitting logic into dozens of separate functions.

@if &lt;condition&gt;
  # commands to run if true
@else
  # commands to run if false
@endif

The <condition> uses the same syntax as execute if — everything that follows execute if in a vanilla command:

entity <selector>
score <target> <objective> matches <range>
score <target> <objective> <op> <source> <sourceObjective>
block <pos> <block>
blocks <start> <end> <dest> <mode>
data entity|block|storage ...
predicate <id>

The @else branch is optional. Blocks can be nested.

Example — Basic if/else:

@if entity @s[tag=vip]
  say Welcome, VIP!
  give @s minecraft:diamond 10
@else
  say Welcome!
  give @s minecraft:diamond 1
@endif

Example — Score check:

@if score @s level matches 10..
  say You are level 10 or higher!
  effect give @s minecraft:strength 60 1
@endif

Example — Nested conditions:

@if entity @s[tag=admin]
  say You are an admin
  @if score @s power matches 100..
    say And you have max power!
    effect give @s minecraft:glowing 10 0
  @else
    say But your power is below 100
  @endif
@else
  say You are not an admin
@endif

Example — With macros (dynamic conditions):

$@if score $(target) kills matches $(threshold)..
  $say $(target) has enough kills!
  $give $(target) minecraft:diamond 1
$@endif

> Use $@if when the condition itself contains $(var) — the $ triggers macro substitution first.

Example — Combined with @var and @load:

@load mypack:config

@if score @s level matches 10..
  @var reward = 10
@else
  @var reward = 1
@endif

$give @s minecraft:diamond $(reward)
$say You received $(reward) diamonds!

Switch Blocks (@switch / @case / @default / @endswitch)

Match a value against multiple cases without chaining if/else blocks.

@switch &lt;value&gt;
@case &lt;value1&gt;
  # commands if value matches value1
@case &lt;value2&gt;
  # commands if value matches value2
@default
  # commands if no case matched
@endswitch

The <value> in @switch is evaluated once (with macro substitution if using $@switch). Only the first matching @case executes. The @default branch executes only if no @case matched. Switch blocks can be nested.

Example — Basic switch on a variable:

@load mypack:config

@switch $(mode)
@case easy
  say Easy mode — full healing
  effect give @s minecraft:regeneration 30 2
@case normal
  say Normal mode — standard gameplay
@case hard
  say Hard mode — good luck!
  effect give @s minecraft:hunger 60 1
@default
  say Unknown mode: using normal
@endswitch

Example — Switch with macros (dynamic values):

$@switch $(class)
$@case warrior
  $say $(player) is a warrior — bonus strength!
  $effect give $(player) minecraft:strength 60 1
$@case mage
  $say $(player) is a mage — bonus speed!
  $effect give $(player) minecraft:speed 60 1
$@default
  $say $(player) has no class assigned
$@endswitch

Example — Switch for dynamic function dispatch:

@load mypack:config
@switch $(difficulty)
@case peaceful
  ^mypack:setup/peaceful
@case normal
  ^mypack:setup/normal
@case hardcore
  ^mypack:setup/hardcore
@endswitch

While Loops (@while / @endwhile)

Repeat a block of commands as long as a condition is true.

@while &lt;condition&gt;
  # commands to repeat
@endwhile

The <condition> uses the same syntax as execute if. The condition is re-evaluated before each iteration. A safety limit of 65,536 iterations prevents infinite loops.

Example — Countdown with scoreboard:

@while score @s temp matches 1..
  $say Counter: $(counter)
  scoreboard players remove @s temp 1
@endwhile
say Done!

Example — Process items in storage:

@while data storage mypack:queue Items[0]
  say Processing next item...
  data remove storage mypack:queue Items[0]
@endwhile
say Queue empty!

Example — Nested while loops:

scoreboard players set @s outer_count 3
@while score @s outer_count matches 1..
  scoreboard players set @s inner_count 3
  @while score @s inner_count matches 1..
    say Inner iteration
    scoreboard players remove @s inner_count 1
  @endwhile
  say Outer iteration
  scoreboard players remove @s outer_count 1
@endwhile

If a @while loop exceeds 65,536 iterations, it breaks automatically and a warning is logged.

For Loops (@for / @endfor)

Counter-based loops with a variable you can reference.

@for &lt;var&gt; &lt;start&gt; &lt;end&gt; [&lt;step&gt;]
  # commands to repeat — $(var) is available
@endfor

Parameter	Description
`<var>`	Variable name — available as `$(var)` inside the loop body
`<start>`	Starting value (inclusive)
`<end>`	Ending value (inclusive)
`<step>`	Optional step increment. Defaults to `1` if start ≤ end, or `-1` if start > end

A safety limit of 65,536 iterations prevents infinite loops.

Example — Count from 1 to 10:

@for i 1 10
  $say Number: $(i)
@endfor

Example — Countdown from 5 to 1:

@for i 5 1
  $say Countdown: $(i)
@endfor
say Go!

Example — Custom step (even numbers):

@for i 2 20 2
  $say Even: $(i)
@endfor

Example — Spawn entities at intervals:

@for x 0 10
  $summon minecraft:armor_stand $(x) 64 0
@endfor

Example — With macros (dynamic range):

$@for i 1 $(max_count)
  $say Iteration $(i) of $(max_count) for player $(player)
  $give $(player) minecraft:diamond 1
$@endfor

Example — Nested for loops (grid pattern):

@for x 0 5
  @for z 0 5
    $setblock $(x) 64 $(z) minecraft:stone
  @endfor
@endfor

Example — Combined with @if:

@for i 1 20
  $scoreboard players set #temp obj $(i)
  @if score #temp obj matches 10..
    $say $(i) is 10 or higher
  @else
    $say $(i) is below 10
  @endif
@endfor

Example — Tower builder:

@for y 64 74
  $setblock 100 $(y) 200 minecraft:stone
@endfor
say Built a 10-block tower!

Break Statement (@break)

@break exits the innermost @for or @while loop early. When reached, the remaining body entries in the current iteration are skipped and no further iterations run.

@break only affects the innermost enclosing loop. In nested loops, the outer loop continues normally.

Example — Search and stop:

@for i 1 20
  $execute as @e[tag=target,limit=1,sort=nearest,distance=..$(i)] run tag @s add found
  @if entity @e[tag=found]
    $say Found target within $(i) blocks
    @break
  @endif
@endfor

Example — While loop with early exit:

@while score @s attempts matches 1..
  scoreboard players remove @s attempts 1
  @if data storage mypack:state {done:"true"}
    say Finished early!
    @break
  @endif
  say Still trying...
@endwhile

Example — Nested loops (break only exits inner loop):

@for x 0 10
  @for z 0 10
    $setblock $(x) 64 $(z) minecraft:stone
    @if score @s limit matches ..0
      @break
    @endif
    scoreboard players remove @s limit 1
  @endfor
  $say Finished row $(x)
@endfor

Player Data Commands

Backports the 1.21.2+ change that allows /data commands to target player entities.

In vanilla 1.20.1, all /data commands on players fail with "Can't modify player data". With DPHelper installed, they work — matching vanilla 1.21.2+ behavior.

What's Unlocked

Command	Vanilla 1.20.1	With DPHelper
`/data get entity @s`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data get entity @s Health`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data merge entity @s {Health:10f}`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data modify entity @s Inventory[0].Count set value 64`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data modify entity @s Motion[1] set value 20d`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data remove entity @s Inventory[0]`	❌ Blocked	✅ Works
`/data get entity @e[type=pig,limit=1]`	✅ Works	✅ Works

Restricted Tags (Safety)

To match vanilla 1.21.2+ behavior, certain identity-critical tags are filtered on writes to prevent crashes, desyncs, or exploits:

Tag	Reason
`UUID`, `UUIDMost`, `UUIDLeast`	Player identity — changing breaks everything
`Pos`	Position desync with client
`Dimension`	Forced dimension transfer — crashes/exploits
`RootVehicle`	Vehicle binding — duplication exploits
`WorldUUIDMost`, `WorldUUIDLeast`	Forge world tracking
`id`	Entity type — cannot change a player into a pig

These tags are silently stripped from the data before it's applied. Reading them with /data get still works fine.

Live Field Sync

When writing player data, certain fields are re-applied to the entity's live state after the NBT load to ensure they take effect immediately:

Field	Behavior
`Motion`	Applied via `setDeltaMovement()` + synced to client with unclamped float precision
`Rotation`	Applied via `setYRot()` / `setXRot()`
`FallDistance`	Applied directly to the entity field
`Fire`	Applied via `setRemainingFireTicks()`

Velocity sync note: Vanilla's ClientboundSetEntityMotionPacket clamps velocity to ±4.096 blocks/tick. DPHelper uses ClientboundExplodePacket to sync velocity with float precision, allowing values like Motion[1] = 2000d to actually launch the player.

Player Data Examples

# Read player health
data get entity @s Health

# Read a specific inventory slot
data get entity @s Inventory[{Slot:0b}]

# Set player health
data merge entity @s {Health:1f}

# Modify inventory count
data modify entity @s Inventory[{Slot:0b}].Count set value 64

# Launch a player upward
data modify entity @s Motion[1] set value 20d

# Copy data between player and storage
data modify storage mypack:data SavedItem set from entity @s Inventory[{Slot:0b}]
data modify entity @s Inventory[{Slot:0b}] set from storage mypack:data SavedItem

# Give a player custom tags
data merge entity @s {Tags:["vip","admin"]}

# Remove a specific effect
data remove entity @s active_effects[{id:"minecraft:poison"}]

# Combine with score64 — read health with decimal precision
score64 objectives add hp 100
score64 nbt get @s hp entity @s Health scaled
# Health 18.5 → stored as 1850, displays as 18.50

# Write a score64 value back to player health
score64 players set @s hp "10.00"
score64 nbt set entity @s Health @s hp as_scaled
# 1000 / 100 = 10.0 → written as TAG_Double 10.0

Falling Block Command

Spawns a FallingBlockEntity with any block's appearance. It falls like sand and places the block where it lands. An optional NBT compound lets you configure motion, fall damage, gravity, and more.

Syntax

/fallingblock &lt;block&gt;
/fallingblock &lt;block&gt; &lt;pos&gt;
/fallingblock &lt;block&gt; &lt;pos&gt; &lt;nbt&gt;
/fallingblock convert &lt;blockPos&gt;
/fallingblock convert &lt;blockPos&gt; &lt;nbt&gt;

Parameter	Description
`<block>`	Any block id, including block states (e.g. `minecraft:oak_stairs[facing=east]`)
`<pos>`	Spawn position (supports `~ ~ ~` relative coords). Defaults to executor position
`<nbt>`	Optional NBT compound to configure the entity
`<blockPos>`	Position of an existing block in the world to convert into a falling entity

The convert variant reads the block at the given position, removes it from the world (replaces with air), and spawns a falling block entity with that block's state.

Supported NBT Tags

Tag	Type	Default	Description
`Motion`	`[double, double, double]`	`[0d, 0d, 0d]`	Initial velocity (X, Y, Z)
`FallDistance`	`float`	`0.0f`	Starting fall distance for damage calculation
`HurtEntities`	`byte`	`0b`	`1b` to deal damage to entities on impact
`FallHurtMax`	`int`	`40`	Max damage dealt on impact
`FallHurtAmount`	`float`	`2.0f`	Damage per block fallen
`DropItem`	`byte`	`0b`	`1b` to drop as item if it can't place
`Time`	`int`	`1`	Ticks the entity has existed
`NoGravity`	`byte`	`0b`	`1b` to disable gravity (floats in place)
`Glowing`	`byte`	`0b`	`1b` to apply glowing outline
`Tags`	`string list`	`[]`	Scoreboard tags for targeting with selectors

Falling Block Behavior

Falls with gravity (unless NoGravity:1b)
When it hits a solid surface, it places the block at the landing position
If it can't place (e.g. another block is there), it disappears silently (unless DropItem:1b)

Falling Block Examples

# Basic — spawn a falling diamond block above you
fallingblock minecraft:diamond_block ~ ~10 ~

# With motion — launch a glass block sideways
fallingblock minecraft:glass ~ ~5 ~ {Motion:[2.0d,1.0d,0d]}

# Damaging anvil drop — hurts entities on impact
fallingblock minecraft:anvil ~ ~30 ~ {HurtEntities:1b,FallHurtAmount:10.0f,FallHurtMax:100}

# Pre-charged fall distance — instant kill anvil
fallingblock minecraft:anvil ~ ~2 ~ {HurtEntities:1b,FallDistance:50.0f,FallHurtMax:999}

# Floating glowing block — no gravity, tagged for targeting
fallingblock minecraft:sea_lantern ~ ~3 ~ {NoGravity:1b,Glowing:1b,Time:-2147483648,Tags:["light","decoration"]}

# Any block state — falling stairs with specific orientation
fallingblock minecraft:oak_stairs[facing=east,half=top] ~ ~20 ~

# Meteor effect — fast downward magma that damages on impact
fallingblock minecraft:magma_block ~ ~50 ~ {Motion:[0d,-3.0d,0d],HurtEntities:1b,FallHurtAmount:5.0f}

# Combine with macros — dynamic block type and height
$fallingblock $(block) ~ ~$(height) ~ {HurtEntities:$(hurt)}

# Convert a block at a position — make it fall like sand
fallingblock convert 100 64 200

# Convert with motion — launch the block sideways
fallingblock convert ~ ~-1 ~ {Motion:[0d,1.0d,2.0d]}

# Convert with damage — make a block fall and hurt on impact
fallingblock convert 50 80 50 {HurtEntities:1b,FallHurtAmount:8.0f}

# Collapse a column — convert multiple blocks in a loop
execute positioned 100 70 200 run fallingblock convert ~ ~ ~
execute positioned 100 71 200 run fallingblock convert ~ ~ ~
execute positioned 100 72 200 run fallingblock convert ~ ~ ~

Display Entity Commands

Commands for manipulating display entities (text_display, block_display, item_display). Designed for smooth animations and transitions using Minecraft's display entity interpolation system.

Syntax

/display opacity <targets> <value>
/display opacity <targets> <value> <interpolation>
/display transform <targets> <nbt>
/display transform <targets> <nbt> <interpolation>

Parameter	Description
`<targets>`	Entity selector — only display entities are affected, others are skipped
`<value>`	Unsigned opacity byte (0 = fully transparent, 255 = fully opaque)
`<nbt>`	NBT compound to merge onto the display entity
`<interpolation>`	Optional interpolation duration in ticks for smooth transition

Opacity

Sets the text_opacity field on display entities using an unsigned value (0–255). Vanilla stores this as a signed byte (-128 to 127), but the command accepts the more intuitive unsigned range.

Value	Effect
`0`	Fully transparent (invisible)
`1`	Nearly invisible
`128`	Half transparent
`255`	Fully opaque (default)

When <interpolation> is provided, interpolation_duration is set and start_interpolation is set to 0 so the transition begins immediately.

Transform

Merges any NBT compound onto the targeted display entities. This is a general-purpose command — it can modify transformation, billboard, shadow_radius, view_range, glow_color_override, or any other display entity property.

When <interpolation> is provided, the entity smoothly transitions from its current state to the new one over the specified number of ticks.

Display Entity Examples

# Fade a text display to nearly invisible over 2 seconds
display opacity @s 1 40

# Make a text display fully opaque instantly
display opacity @e[type=text_display,tag=label] 255

# Half transparency with 1-second interpolation
display opacity @s 128 20

# Scale a display entity up smoothly over 2 seconds
display transform @s {transformation:{scale:[5f,5f,1f]}} 40

# Change billboard mode instantly
display transform @s {billboard:"center"}

# Move and rotate with interpolation
display transform @s {transformation:{translation:[0f,2f,0f],left_rotation:[0f,0.707f,0f,0.707f]}} 60

# Combine with macros — dynamic opacity
$display opacity @s $(opacity) $(fade_time)

# Combine with for loop — sequential fade
@for i 0 255 5
  $display opacity @e[tag=fade_target] $(i) 2
@endfor

Datapack Usage Examples

Economy System (2 Decimal Places)

# init.mcfunction (load)
score64 objectives add coins 100

# give_coins.mcfunction
score64 players add @s coins "10.50"

# buy_item.mcfunction
score64 players remove @s coins "3.99"

# check_balance.mcfunction
score64 players get @s coins

# transfer.mcfunction (from @s to #shop)
score64 players operation #shop coins "+=" @s coins
score64 players set @s coins "0"

Precise Position Tracking (6 Decimal Places)

score64 objectives add pos_x 1000000
score64 objectives add pos_z 1000000
score64 store @s pos_x run data get entity @s Pos[0] 1000000

High-Score Counter Beyond 32-bit

score64 objectives add total_xp
score64 players add @s total_xp "1"

# Show on vanilla sidebar (clamped to 32-bit for display)
scoreboard objectives add xp_display dummy
score64 syncall total_xp xp_display

Conditional Logic

# Only run if player has ≥ 1.00 coins (raw 100 with scale 100)
execute if score64 @s coins matches "100.." run say Rich!

# Compare two players
execute if score64 @s score &gt; @p[tag=opponent] score run say I'm winning!

Random Loot Rolls

score64 objectives add roll
score64 math random @s roll 1 100

execute if score64 @s roll matches "90.." run say Legendary drop!
execute if score64 @s roll matches "70..89" run say Rare drop!

Math Library — Distance Calculation

# Compute 2D distance: sqrt(dx² + dy²)
score64 objectives add dist 1000
score64 objectives add dx 1000
score64 objectives add dy 1000
score64 objectives add temp 1000

# temp = dx * dx
score64 players operation #calc temp = #calc dx
score64 math mul #calc temp from #calc dx

# dist = dy * dy
score64 players operation #calc dist = #calc dy
score64 math mul #calc dist from #calc dy

# dist = dx² + dy²
score64 math add #calc dist from #calc temp

# dist = sqrt(dist)
score64 math sqrt #calc dist

Using score64 Random with Macros

score64 math random @s temp 1 100
score64 nbt set storage mypack:args value @s temp
function mypack:use_random with storage mypack:args

mypack:use_random.mcfunction:

$say Random result: $(value)

Predicate in an Advancement

Create data/mypack/predicates/has_energy.json:

{
  "condition": "dphelper:score64_range",
  "target": "this",
  "objective": "energy",
  "min": 1000
}

Use with execute if predicate mypack:has_energy.

Technical Details

Persistence

Data is stored via Minecraft's SavedData system
Attached to the overworld dimension
Saved automatically when the world saves
File location: <world>/data/dphelper_score64.dat
NBT format: objectives list + nested compound tags for values
Safe across server restarts and crashes (uses Minecraft's atomic save)

Overflow Behavior

All arithmetic uses Java long semantics — modular wraparound on overflow.

Long.MAX_VALUE + 1 = Long.MIN_VALUE
9223372036854775807 + 1 = -9223372036854775808

This is deterministic and matches how vanilla int scoreboards behave (just with 64 bits).

Performance

O(1) lookup for any value (HashMap-based)
No per-tick overhead — data is only accessed when commands are executed
No world scanning — holders are string identifiers, not entity references
Efficient for thousands of holders per objective
setDirty() is called only on mutations, not reads

Compatibility Table

Feature	Vanilla 1.21.2+ syntax	DPHelper on 1.20.1
`/function <id> with args {...}`	✅ Native	✅ Identical syntax
`/function <id> with storage <id>`	✅ Native	✅ Identical syntax
`/function <id> with entity <sel>`	✅ Native	✅ Identical syntax
`/function <id> with block <pos>`	✅ Native	✅ Identical syntax
`/function <id> with var <ns>`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`$` macro lines in `.mcfunction`	✅ Native	✅ Identical syntax
`^` context-forwarding calls	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`return` / `return run` in functions	✅ Native (1.20.4+)	✅ Identical syntax
`@var` / `@var!` local/persistent vars	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@load` persistent var loading	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@if` / `@else` / `@endif`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@switch` / `@case` / `@default` / `@endswitch`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@while` / `@endwhile`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@for` / `@endfor`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`@break`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`/var set/get/remove/list`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`/data get entity @s`	✅ Native (1.21.2+)	✅ Identical syntax
`/data merge entity @s {...}`	✅ Native (1.21.2+)	✅ Identical syntax
`/data modify entity @s ...`	✅ Native (1.21.2+)	✅ Identical syntax
Motion velocity (unclamped)	⚠️ Clamped in vanilla	✅ Float precision via explosion packet
Restricted tags on player writes	✅ Filtered	✅ Filtered (same set + Forge extras)
`/fallingblock <block> [pos] [nbt]`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`/display opacity <targets> <value> [interp]`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive
`/display transform <targets> <nbt> [interp]`	❌ Not in vanilla	✅ DPHelper exclusive

Datapacks using vanilla 1.21+ features can be ported directly to DPHelper on 1.20.1 with no syntax changes.

Server Compatibility

Requirement	Status
Server-only mod	✅
Vanilla clients can join	✅ (`IGNORE_SERVER_VERSION`)
No client-side code	✅
No vanilla scoreboard modifications	✅
No networking protocol changes	✅
Forge 47+ / MC 1.20.1	✅
Java 17	✅